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- WORLD, Page 16Midwives to Unity
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- Forty-five years after the end of World War II, no peace
- treaty has been signed between Germany and the four Allied
- powers that conquered the country. As a result, the U.S.,
- Britain, France and the Soviet Union to this day retain remnants
- of the rights they exercised as occupying forces. This is why
- World War II's Big Four will now serve as midwife to the
- unification of Germany.
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- At the Potsdam Conference in the summer of 1945 the victors
- agreed that Germany would be temporarily divided into zones of
- occupation, one to be administered by each of them, until a
- peace agreement was signed. Berlin was considered a separate
- entity, and another four-power division was made of the German
- capital.
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- After the cold war broke out, the American, British and
- French zones were merged to form the Federal Republic of
- Germany, while the Soviet zone became the German Democratic
- Republic. But the Allies retained military authority over Berlin
- as well as the right to base troops and conduct military
- maneuvers in the Germanys.
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- One of the most striking symbols of four-power rule was the
- guarding of Nazi war criminals at the Spandau prison in West
- Berlin, where the four countries rotated guard duties every
- month. After Rudolf Hess, the last prisoner, died in 1987, the
- prison was demolished. Now the World War II victors will again
- have a role to play in determining Germany's destiny.
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